Abstract
The aim of this study is to adapt the “Weighted Topics Measure of Family Sexual Communication” scale into the Turkish and determine the psychometric properties in university sample. The scale which was first developed by Fisher (1987) measure sexual communication frequency on nine spesific sexual issues between parents and their children. The “Weighted Topics Measure of Family Sexual Communication Scale”, “Sexual Communication and Sexual Approval Scale” and demographic information were also administered to 377 university students (263 women and 114 men), aged between 18-27. Factor analyses revealed one factor solution for both mothers and fathers and accounted for 54.5 % of the total variance for mothers and 48.5 % of the total variance for fathers. The convergent and criterion related validities of the scale were explored by relating the scale scores with another sexual communication scale. Furthermore, significant gender differences on the scale revealed another evidence for validity. Reliability analyses showed that the scale had high internal consistency (.88 for sexual communication with mothers and .86 for sexual communication with fathers). As a conclusion, results revealed that Turkish version of the scale had acceptable reliability and validity to justify its use as a tool to measure sexual communication with parents among Turkish university students.
References
Akgün, E. (2000). Predictors of adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior: the role of parents and best friends (Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
Akın, A. ve Özvarış, Ş. B. (2004). Study on the influental factors of sexual and reproductive health of adolescents/young people in Turkey. Hacettepe University Public Health Department-WHO Collborating Center on RH. Project Report, Ankara.
Akın, B., Ege, E., Arıkan, Ç., Bursa, D. ve Demirören, N. (2010). Anneler ve adolesan çocukları arasında cinsellik konusunda iletişim: annelerin bakış açısı. Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing, 12(2).
Aşkun, D. (2000). Türk üniversite öğrencilerinin cinsel tutum ve davranışlarının bir incelemesi: cinsiyet farklılıklarına kültürel bir bakış (Yüksek lisans tezi). Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
Beckett, M. K., Elliott, M. N., Martino, S., Kanouse, D. E., Corona, R., Klein, D. J. ve Schuster, M. A. (2010). Timing of parent and child communication about sexuality relative to children's sexual behaviors. Pediatrics, 125(1), 34-42.
Blackmer, A. (2012). Concurrent and longitudinal effects of maternal approval and sexual communication on adolescent sexual activity and STD acquisition (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Eastern Illinois University.
Botchway, A.T. (2004). Parent and adolescent males’ communication about sexuality in the context of HIV/AIDS – A study in the Eastern Region of Ghana (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Bergen.
Browning, C. R., Leventhal, T. ve Brooks-Gunn, J. (2004). Neighborhood context and racial differences in early adolescent sexual activity. Demography, 41(4), 697-720.
Bulut A, Nalbant H ve Çokar M. (2002). Ergenlerin sağlık bilincinin geliştirilmesi projesi. Kadın ve Çocuk Sağlığı Eğitim ve Araştırma Birimi, İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi. Proje No: TUR/03/01.07/P07.
Bulut, F., ve Gölbaşı, Z. (2009). Adolesan kızların cinsellikle ilgili konularda anneleri ile olan iletişimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(1), 27-36.
Buzi, R. S., Smith, P. B. ve Weinman, M. L. (2009). Parental communication as a protective factor in increasing condom use among minority adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 21(1), 51-60.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2005). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi EI Kitabı (5. Baskı). Ankara: Cantekin Matbaası.
Byers, E. S., Sears, H. A. ve Weaver, A. D. (2008). Parents’ reports of sexual communication with children in kindergarten to grade 8. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(1), 86- 96.
Cindoglu, D. (2004). Modern Türk tıbbında bekaret testleri ve suni bekaret. In P. Ilkkaracan (Ed.), Müslüman Toplumlarda Kadın ve Cinsellik (pp. 115-132). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Civil, B. ve Yıldız, H. (2010). Erkek öğrencilerin cinsel deneyimleri ve toplumdaki cinsel tabulara yönelik görüşleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 3(2), 58-64.
Coşkun, A. ve Gökdemirel, S. (1997). Toplumsal yaşamın cinsiyet rollerine etkisi. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Hemşirelik Dergisi, 1(3–4), 45-50.
Çevik, E., Tapucu, A. ve Aksoy, Ş. (2003). Toplumsal ve etik bir sorun olarak kızlık zarı incelemesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History, 11(3), 170-177.
Deptula, D.P., Henry, D.B. ve Schoeny, M.E. (2010). How can parents make a difference? Longitudinal associations with adolescent sexual behaviour. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 731-739.
DeLamater, J. (1981). The social control of sexuality. Annual Review of Sociology, 7, 263-290.
DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K. ve Davies, S. L. (2001). Parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescent females. The Journal of Pediatrics, 139(3), 407-412.
Dilorio, C., Kelley, M., ve Hockenberry-Eaton, M. (1999). Communication about sexual issues: Mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of adolescent health, 24(3), 181-189.
Dittus, P.J. ve Jaccard, J. (2000). Adolescents’ perceptions of maternal disapproval of sex: Relationship to sexual outcomes. Journal Adolescent Health, 26, 268-78.
Dittus, P., Miller, K. S., Kotchick, B. A. ve Forehand, R. (2004). Why parents matter!: The conceptual basis for a community-based HIV prevention program for the parents of African American youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13(1), 5-20.
Dutra, R., Miller, K. S., ve Forehand, R. (1999). The process and content of sexual communication with adolescents in two-parent families: Associations with sexual risk taking behavior. AIDS and Behavior, 3(1), 59-66.
Duyan, V. (2004). Cinsel tutum ölçeği. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmetler Bölümü Yayınları, 2-12.
East, P., Reyes, B., Contreras, B., Wu, R. C. ve Contreras, R. (2005). Positive adolescent sexuality as evident in consistent and reliable contraceptive use: A study of sexually active Latino and non-Latino youths’ contraceptive behavior. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 2(4), 42.
Erbil, N., Orak, E. ve Bektaş, A. E. (2010). What are mothers knowing about sexualeducation, how much are mothers giving sexual education to their daughters?. International Journal of Human Sciences, 7(1), 366-383.
Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme: temel kavramlar ve işlemler. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
Eroğlu, K. ve Gölbaşı, Z. (2005). Cinsel eğitimde ebeveynlerin yeri: ne yapıyorlar, ne yaşıyorlar? Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 8(2), 12-21.
Ersoy, E. (2009). Cinsiyet kültürü içerisinde kadın ve erkek kimliği, Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 209-230.
Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. Sage publications.
Fingerson, L. (2005). Do mothers’ opinions matter in teens’ sexual activity? Journal of Family Issues, 26, 947-974.
Fisher, T. (1987). Family Communication and the Sexual Behavior and Attitudes of College Students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(5), 481-495.
Fortenberry, J.D. (2013). Puberty and adolescent sexuality. Hormones and behavior, 64(2), 280-287.
Gölbaşı Z. (2002). Adölesan kızlara yönelik okula dayalı üreme sağlığı eğitim programının etkinliği (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Guilamo-Ramos, V., Goldberg, V., Lee, J. J., McCarthy, K. ve Leavitt, S. (2012). Latino adolescent reproductive and sexual health behaviors and outcomes: research informed guidance for agency-based practitioners. Clinical Social Work Journal, 40(2), 144- 156.
Hassan, E. A. ve Creatsas, G. C. (2000). Adolescent sexuality: a developmental milestone or risk-taking behavior? The role of health care in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology, 13(3), 119-124.
Holtzman, D. ve Rubinson, R. (1995). Parent and peer communication effects on AIDS- related behavior among US high school students. Family Planning Perspectives, 235-268.
Işık, R. ve Sakallı-Uğurlu, N. (2009). Namusa ve namus adına kadına uygulanan şiddete ilişkin tutumlar ölçeklerinin öğrenci örneklemiyle geliştirilmesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(24), 16-24.
Jaccard, J, Dittus, P.J. ve Gordon, V.V. (1996). Maternal correlates of adolescent sexual and contraceptive behavior. Family Planning Perspectives, 28, 159-65.
Jaccard, J. ve Dittus, P. J. (2000). Adolescent perceptions of maternal approval of birth control and sexual risk behavior. American Journal of Public Health, 90(9), 1426.
Jaccard, J, Dittus, P.J. ve Gordon, V.V. (2000). Parent-teen communication about premarital sex. Journal Adolescent Research, 15, 187-208.
Jaccard, J., Dodge, T. ve Dittus, P. (2002). Parent-adolescent communication about sex and birth control: A conceptual framework. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 97, 9-42.
Jordan, T. R., Price, J. H. ve Fitzgerald, S. (2000). Rural parents’ communication with their teen-agers about sexual issues. Journal of School Health, 70, 338-344.
Karacan, E. ve Balamir Bektaş, R. (2016). The social control of sexuality: An examination of gender and regional effects on Turkish young adults. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 87-106.
Karasar, N. (1999). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Kaya, F., Serin, Ö. ve Genç, A. (2007). Eğitim fakültesi birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cinsel yaşamlarına ilişkin yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni, 6(6), 441-448.
Kayır A. (2001). Cinsellik kavramı ve cinsel mitler. İçinde: Yetkin N, İncesu C, editörler. Cinsel işlev bozuklukları (9-34). İstanbul: Roche Müstahzarları Sanayi A.Ş.
Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of psychological testing (2. baskı). London: Routledge.
Kömürcü, N., Aksayan, S. ve Yıldırım, Z.(1990). Annelerin kız çocuklarının cinsel eğitimlerine ilişkin tutum ve davranışları, 2. Ulusal Hemşireler Kongresi Kitabı (1.Baskı), İzmir, 678-694.
Lefkowitz, E. S., Bone, T. L. ve Shearer, C. L. (2003). Communication with best friends about sex related topics during emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9,52-57.
Leland, N. L. ve Barth, R. P. (1993). Characteristics of adolescents who have attempted to avoid HIV and who have communicated with parents about sex. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8(1), 58-76.
Miller, K. S., Kotchick, B. A., Dorsey, S., Forehand, R. ve Ham, A. Y. (1998). Family communication about sex: What are parents saying and are their adolescents listening? Family Planning Perspectives, 30(5).
Miller, B. C., Benson, B., ve Galbraith, K. A. (2001). Family relationships andadolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental Review, 21(1), 1-38.
Nişancı, E. (2002). Neo-patrimonyalizm ve Türk siyasal modernleşmesi. Doğuş Ünversitesi Dergisi, 3(1), 123-139.
Ogle S., Glasier A. ve Riley S.C. (2008). Communication between parents and their children about sexual health. Contraception, 77, 283-288.
Özan, S., Aras, Ş., Şemin, S. ve Orçın, E. (2004). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsel tutum ve davranış özellikleri. DEÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 27-39.
Pick, S. ve Palos, P. A. (1995). Impact of the family on the sex lives of adolescents. Adolescence, 30(119), 667.
Raffaelli, M., Bogenschneider, K. ve Flood, M.F. (1998). Parent-teen communication about sexual topics. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 316-334.
Romo, L. F., Lefkowitz, E. S., Sigman, M. ve Au, T. K. (2002). A longitudinal study of maternal messages about dating and sexuality and their influence on Latino adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(1), 59-69.
Rosenthal, D. A., ve Feldman, S. S. (1999). The importance of importance: adolescents' perceptions of parental communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescence, 22(6), 835-851.
Santa Maria, D., Markham, C., Swank, P., Baumler, E., McCurdy, S. ve Tortolero, S. (2014). Does parental monitoring moderate the relation between parent– child communication and pre-coital sexual behaviours among urban, minority early adolescents?. Sex Education, 14(3), 286-298.
Set, T., Dağdeviren, N. ve Aktürk, Z. (2006). Ergenlerde cinsellik. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(3), 137-141.
Topkaya, N. (2012). Parental communication and perceived parental attitudes about sexuality among Turkish college students. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 2(2), 155-168.
Topkaya, N. ve Sümer, Z. H. (2010). Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık öğrencilerinin cinsel bilgi kaynakları, yeterlilik algıları ve bilgi ihtiyaçları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(34).
Velez-Pastrana, M.C., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, R.A. ve Borges-Hernandez, A. (2005). Family functioning and early onset of sexual intercourse in Latino adolescents. Adolescence, 40, 777-791.
Whitaker, D. J. ve Miller, K. S. (2000). Reconceptualizing adolescent sexual behaviour: Beyond did they or didn’t they? Family Planning Perspectives, 32, 111-117.
Widman, L., Choukas-Bradley, S., Helms, S. W., Golin, C. E., ve Prinstein, M. J. (2014). Sexual communication between early adolescents and their dating partners, parents, and best friends. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(7), 731- 741.
Yıldırım, T. (2008). Üniversite çağındaki ergenlerin cinsel bilgi, tutum ve davranışları (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Trakya Üniversitesi, Edirne.
Zhang, L., Li, X., Shah, I. H., Baldwin, W. ve Stanton, B. (2007). Parent–adolescent sex communication in China. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 12(2), 138-147.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2017 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi
