COVİD-19 SIKINTISI VE BİLİŞSEL HATALAR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE BİLİŞSEL ESNEKLİK VE KONTROLÜN ARACI ROLÜ
Cilt 10 Sayı 26 kapak
PDF

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aracılık analizi
bilişsel durum
bilişsel esneklik
kaygı
dikkat
algı

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

COVİD-19 SIKINTISI VE BİLİŞSEL HATALAR ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE BİLİŞSEL ESNEKLİK VE KONTROLÜN ARACI ROLÜ. (2022). Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(26), 555-572. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-10-26-02

Öz

Psikolojik tedavi sırasında bireylerin kaygıdan etkilenen bilişsel hatalarının azaltılmasına yönelik uygulamalar kişinin günlük yaşamını sürdürmesinde kolaylaştırıcı bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Bilişsel hataların günlük yaşamda odaklanma, bellek gibi alanlarda sorunların azalması için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 ile ilişkili kaygı ile bilişsel durum arasındaki ilişkide duygular üzerinde bilişsel kontrol ve başa çıkma esnekliğinin aracılık etkisinin ile incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları 351 kadın, 234 erkek olmak üzere toplam 585 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Yaş aralığı 18-64 olup, katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 32.08 (S= 10.92)’dir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 314 erkek, 494 kadın olmak üzere toplam 808 kişiden oluşmakta olup yaş ortalaması 33.14 (SS= 11.74)’tür. Aracılık analizi için Hayes (2014) ‘in 4. Modeli SPSS’te PROCESS Macro kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Covid-19 kaygısı ile bilişsel hatalar ilişkisine bilişsel kontrolün aracılık ettiği bulunmuştur. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçlarının bireylerin bilişsel esneklik ve kontrol becerilerinin çalışılmasının kaygı ve bilişsel hataların azaltılmasında önemli rol oynayabileceği ve sağlık politikalarının ve gerekli bireysel müdahalelerin planlanmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

PDF

Referanslar

Altunkol, F. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinin bilişsel esneklikleri ile algılanan stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü].

Altmann, E. M. ve Gray, W. D. (2008). An integrated model of cognitive control in task switching. Psychological Review, 115(3), 602–639. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.115.3.602

American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA.: Author.

Asıcı, E. ve İkiz, F. (2015). Mutluluğa giden bir yol: Bilişsel esneklik. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(35), 191-211. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/maeuefd/issue/19408/206375.

Asmundson, G. J. G., ve Taylor, S. (2020). How health anxiety influences responses to viral outbreaks like COVID-19: What all decision-makers, health authorities, and health care professionals need to know. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 71(March), 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102211

Attree, E. A., Arroll, M. A., Dancey, C. P., Griffith, C. ve Bansal, A. S. (2014). Psychosocial factors involved in memory and cognitive failures in people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 67. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S50645

Aydınay-Satan, A. (2014). Dini inanç ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin öznel iyi oluş düzeyine olan etkisi. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum, 3 (7), 50-74. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egitimvetoplum/issue/5126/69815

Badre, D. (2011). Defining an ontology of cognitive control requires attention to component interactions. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3(2), 217-221. https://10.1111/j.1756-8765.2011.01141.x

Baumgartner, S. E., Weeda, W. D., van der Heijden, L. L. ve Huizinga, M. (2014). The relationship between media multitasking and executive function in early adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34(8), 1120-1144. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316145231

Bilgin. M. (2009). Bilişsel esnekliği yordayan bazı değişkenler. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(3), 142-157.

Bridger, R. S., Johnsen, S. Å. K. ve Brasher, K. (2013). Psychometric properties of the cognitive failures questionnaire. Ergonomics, 56(10), 1515-1524. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2013.821172

Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P. ve Parkes, K. R. (1982). The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x

Broadbent, D. E., Broadbent, M. H. P. ve Jones, J. L. (1986). Performance correlates of self-reported cognitive failure and of obsessionality. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(4), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00708.x

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. ve Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Bruno, G., Panzeri, A., Granziol, U., Alivernini, F., Chirico, A., Galli, F., Lucidi, F., Spoto, A., Vidotto, G. ve Bertamini, M. (2020). The Italian COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (IT C19PRC): General Overview and Replication of the UK Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010052

Burgess, P. W., Veitch, E., de Lacy Costello, A., & Shallice, T. (2000). The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia, 38(6), 848-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00134-7

Cardom, R. D. (2016). The mediating role of cognitive flexibility on the relationship between cross- race interactions and psychological well-being. [Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, University of Kentucky, USA]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10154389.

Carrigan, N. ve Barkus, E. (2016). A systematic review of cognitive failures in daily life: Healthy populations. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 63, 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.010

Cohen, J. D., Botvinick, M. ve Carter, C. S. (2000). Anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex: who's in control?. Nature neuroscience, 3(5), 421-423.

Corey, G. (2008). Psikolojik danışma kuram ve uygulamaları (Çev: Tuncay Ergene) Ankara: Mentis Yayıncılık

Cox, K. S. (1980). The effects of second-language study on the cognitive flexibility of freshman unıversity students. [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University].

David, A. S., Farrin, L., Hull, L., Unwin, C., Wessely, S. ve Wykes, T. (2002). Cognitive functioning and disturbances of mood in UK veterans of the Persian Gulf War: A comparative study. Psychological Medicine, 32(8), 1357–1370. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006359

Day, A. J., Brasher, K. ve Bridger, R. S. (2012). Accident prone-ness revisited: The role of job strain. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 12, 532-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.03.028

Dennis, J. P. ve Vander Wal, J. S. V. (2010). The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument development and estimates of reliability and validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3), 241-253. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4.

Demirtaş, A. S. (2019). Stresli durumlarda bilişsel kontrol ve bilişsel esneklik: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 39(2), 345-368. DOI: 10.26650/SP2019-0028

Duan, L. ve Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30073-0

Dzubak, C. M. (2008). Multitasking: The good, the bad, and the unknown. The Journal of the Association for the Tutoring Profession, 1(2), 1-12. http://www.hawaii.edu/behavior/306/downloads/Multitasking%20-%20Dzubak.pdf

Edwards, K. S. ve Shin, M. (2017). Media multitasking and implicit learning. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 79(5), 1535-1549. DOI 10.3758/s13414-017-1319-4

Ekici, G., Uysal, S. A. ve Altuntaş, O. (2016). The validity and reliability of cognitive failures questionnaire in university students. Fizyoterapi Rehabilitasyon, 27(2), 55-60. DOI: 10.21653/tfrd.272979

Felice, C., Di Tanna, G. L., Zanus, G. ve Grossi, U. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Healthcare workers in Italy: Results from a national e-survey. Journal of Community Health, 45(4), 675-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00845-5

Fu, F. ve Chow, A. (2017). Traumatic exposure and psychological well-being: The moderating role of cognitive flexibility. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 22(1), 24-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/153250 24.2016.1161428

Gabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H. ve Matheson, K. (2018). Cognitive control and flexibility in the context of stress and depressive symptoms: The Cognitive Control and Flexibility Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02219

Gabrys, R. L., Howell, J. W., Cebulski, S. F., Anisman, H. ve Matheson, K. (2019). Acute stressor effects on cognitive flexibility: Mediating role of stressor appraisals and cortisol. Stress, 22(2), 182-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2018.1494152

Gibbons, R. D., Brown, C. H., Hur, K., Marcus, S. M., Bhaumik, D. K., Erkens, J. A., ... ve Mann, J. J. (2007). Early evidence on the effects of regulators’ suicidality warnings on SSRI prescriptions and suicide in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1356-1363. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030454

Gläscher, J., Adolphs, R., Damasio, H., Bechara, A., Rudrauf, D., Calamia, M., Paul, L. K. ve Tranel, D. (2012). Lesion mapping of cognitive control and value-based decision making in the prefrontal cortex. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(36), 14681–14686. http://dx.doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1206608109

Gündüz, B. (2013). The contributions of attachment styles, irrational beliefs and psychological symptoms to the prediction of cognitive flexibility. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(4), 2079-2085. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1027682.pdf

González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C. ve Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87(May), 172-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.040

Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. 1.baskı: Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression- based approach.

Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S. ve Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206– 1212. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1007.030703

Herings, R. M. C. ve Mann, J. J. (2007). Early evidence on the effects of regulators’ suicidality warnings on SSRI prescriptions and suicide in children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(9), 1356–1363. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07030454

Kane, M. J., Brown, L. H., McVay, J. C., Silvia, P. J., Myin-Germeys, I. ve Kwapil, T. R. (2007). For whom the mind wanders, and when. Psychological Science, 18(7), 614–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01948.x

Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., ... ve Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028

Kato, T. (2012). Development of the Coping Flexibility Scale: Evidence for the coping flexibility hypothesis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 14(4), 353–363. http://dx.doi.org/0.1037/a0027770

Khan, N., Hui, L. H., Chen, T. B. ve Hoe, H. Y. (2016). Impulse buying behaviour of Generation Y in fashion retail. International Journal of Business and Business and Management, 11(1), 144–151. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p144

Klumb, P. L. (1995). Cognitive failures and performance differences: Validation studies of a German version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Ergonomics, 38, 1456-1467. doi:10.1080/00140139508925202

Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z. ve Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1–12. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976

Larson, G. E. ve Merritt, C. R. (1991). Can accidents be predicted? An empirical test of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 40, 37-45. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1991.tb01356.x

Liao, A., Walker, R., Carmody, T. J., Cooper, C., Shaw, M. A., Grannemann, B. D., … ve Trivedi, M. H. (2019). Anxiety and anhedonia in depression: Associations with neuroticism and cognitive control. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1070-1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.072

Li, L. Z. ve Wang, S. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113267. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. psych res. 2020. 113267

Lin, Y, W. (2013). The effects of cognitive flexibility and openness to change on college students’ academic performance. [Unpublished doctorate thesis, La Sierra University]. UMI Number: 3572671

Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165

Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., ... ve Liu, W. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry research, 287, 112921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921

Mahoney, A. M., Dalby, J. T. ve King, M. C. (1998). Cognitive failures and stress. Psychological Reports, 82(3_suppl), 1432–1434. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1432

Martin, M. M. ve Rubin, R. B. (1995). A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psychological Reports, 76(2), 623–626. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.2.623

Mackie, M. A., Van Dam, N. T. ve Fan, J. (2013). Cognitive control and attentional functions. Brain and Cognition, 82(3), 301-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2013.05.004

Martin, M. M. ve Anderson, C.M. (1996). Communication traits: A cross-generational investigation. Communication Research Reports, 13, 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824099609362071

McVay, J. C., Kane, M. J. ve Kwapil, T. R. (2009). Tracking the train of thought from the laboratory into everyday life: An experience-sampling study of mind wandering across controlled and ecological contexts. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(5), 857–863. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.5.857

Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., Bennett, J., Peladeau, N., Leszcz, M., Sadavoy, J., Verhaeghe, L. M., Steinberg, R. ve Mazzulli, T. (2003). The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj, 168(10), 1245-1251.

Marjanovic, Z., Greenglass, E. R. ve Coffey, S. (2007). The relevance of psychosocial variables and working conditions in predicting nurses’ coping strategies during the SARS crisis: an online questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(6), 991-998. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.02.012

Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C. ve Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ijerp h1709 3165

Meinhardt, J., Radke, J., Dittmayer, C., Franz, J., Thomas, C., Mothes, R., Laue, M., Schneider, J., Brünink, S., Greuel, S., Lehmann, M., Hassan, O., Aschman, T., Schumann, E., Chua, R. L., Conrad, C., Eils, R., Stenzel, W., Windgassen, M., …ve Heppner, F. L. (2021). Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19. Nature Neuroscience, 24(2), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00758-5

Mihashi, M., Otsubo, Y., Yinjuan, X., Nagatomi, K., Hoshiko, M., & Ishitake, T. (2009). Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following SARS outbreak. Health Psychology, 28(1), 91-100. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013674

Nickell, L. A., Crighton, E. J., Tracy, C. S., Al-Enazy, H., Bolaji, Y., Hanjrah, S., Hussain, A., Makhlouf, S. ve Upshur, R. E. (2004). Psychosocial effects of SARS on hospital staff: survey of a large tertiary care institution. Cmaj, 170(5), 793-798. https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1031077

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M. ve Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de saude publica, 36. https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/bnNQf4rdcMNpPjgfnpWPQzr/?lang=en&format=html

Özdin, S. ve Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051

Payne, T. W. ve Schnapp, M. A. (2014). The relationship between negative affect and reported cognitive failures. Depression research and treatment. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/396195

Peteet, J. R. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2203–2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01041-4

Petzold, M. B., Bendau, A., Plag, J., Pyrkosch, L., Mascarell Maricic, L., Betzler, F., ... ve Ströhle, A. (2020). Risk, resilience, psychological distress, and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Brain and behavior, 10(9), e01745. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.1745

Presti, G., Mchugh, L., Gloster, A., Karekla, M. ve Hayes, S. C. (2020). The dynamics of fear at the time of covid-19: A contextual behavioral science perspective. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 65–71. https:// doi. org/ 10. 36131/ CN202 00206

Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B. ve Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), 19–21. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213

Rende, B. (2000). Cognitive flexibility: Theory, assessment and treatment. Seminars in Speech and Language, 21(2). https://doi. org/ 10. 1055/s- 2000- 7560

Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A. ve Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: Serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15, 1–12. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s11469- 020- 00305-0

Schlegl, S., Maier, J., Meule, A. ve Voderholzer, U. (2020). Eating disorders in times of the COVID-19 pandemic—Results from an online survey of patients with anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(11), 1791–1800. https:// doi.org/ 10. 1002/ eat. 23374

Stahl, L. ve Pry, R. (2005). Attentional flexibility and perseveration: Developmental aspects in young children. Child Neuropsychology, 11(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/092970490911315

Shields, G. S., Moons, W. G., Tewell, C. A. ve Yonelinas, A. P. (2016). The effect of negative affect on cognition: Anxiety, not anger, impairs executive function. Emotion, 16(6), 792– 797. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000151

Smith, E. E. ve Kosslyn, S. M. (2013). Cognitive Psychology: Pearson New International Edition PDF eBook: Mind and Brain. Pearson Higher Ed.

Stevens, A. D. (2009). Social problem-solving and cognitive flexibility: Relations to social skills and problem behavior of at-risk young children. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Available from Pro Ouest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3359050).

Tian, F., Li, H., Tian, S., Yang, J., Shao, J. ve Tian, C. (2020). Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112992. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. psych res. 2020. 112992 Trak, Uzumcu, Inozu ve Hacıomeroglu (manuscript submitted for publication). Development and initial validation of COVID-19 Distress Scale. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy.

Türkçapar, H. (2009). Bilişsel terapi (4. Baskı). Ankara: HYB

Van Der Linden, D., Keijsers, G. P. J., Eling, P. ve Van Schaijk, R. (2005). Work stress and attentional difficulties: An initial study on burnout and cognitive failures. Work and Stress, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500065275

Varshney, M., Parel, J. T., Raizada, N. ve Sarin, S. K. (2020). Initial psychological impact of COVID-19 and its correlates in Indian community: An online (FEEL-COVID) survey. PLoS One, 15(5), e0233874. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1371/ journ al. pone. 02338 74

Voitsidis, P., Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Sereslis, K., Tsipropoulou, V., ... ve Diakogiannis, I. (2021). The mediating role of fear of COVID‐19 in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 94(3), 884-893. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12315

Wallace, J. C. ve Vodanovich, S. J. (2003). Workplace safety performance: conscientiousness, cognitive failure, and their interaction. Journal of occupational health psychology, 8(4), 316. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.4.316

Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S. ve Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https:// doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ijerp h1705 1729

Woo, M. S., Malsy, J., Pöttgen, J., Seddiq Zai, S., Ufer, F., Hadjilaou, A., Schmiedel, S., Addo, M. M., Gerloff, C., Heesen, C., Schulze Zur Wiesch, J. ve Friese, M. A. (2020). Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19. Brain Communications, 2(2), 1–9.

WHO. (2020). WHO director-general's opening remarks at the media briefing on covid-19 - 11 MARCH 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2021, from https:// www. who. int/ director- general/ speec hes/ detail/ who- director- generals- opening- remarks- at- the- media- briefingon-covid- 19% 2D% 2D- 11- march-

Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L. M., Gill, H., Phan, L., ... ve McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID- 19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 277, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001

Yan, L., Gan, Y., Ding, X., Wu, J. ve Duan, H. (2021). The relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the COVID-19 outbreak: Effects of boredom proneness and coping style. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 77(October 2020), 102328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102328

Creative Commons License

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.

Telif Hakkı (c) 2022 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi