Öz
Edinim yaşı bir kelimenin ilk kez öğrenildiği yaşı ifade eder. Araştırmalar, edinim yaşının, kelime işleme görevlerinde oldukça önemli bir değişken olduğunu göstermektedir. Edinim yaşı etkisi, bilginin beyinde nasıl depolandığından ve erişildiğinden ortaya çıkar ve zihinle ilgili teorik ve pratik araştırma sorularına cevap aramak için kullanılır. Örneğin, klinik psikoloji alanındaki araştırmalar beyin hasarı veya nörolojik bozuklukları olan katılımcılarda (örneğin, Alzheimer hastalığı, afazi, anlamsal demans ve disleksi) bu bozuklukları olmayan katılımcılara göre edinim yaşı etkisinin farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Sinirbilim alanındaki çalışmalar ise erken ve geç edinilen kelimelerin farklı beyin aktivasyonları ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Uluslararası alanyazınında oldukça uzun ve zengin bir tarihe sahip olmasına rağmen Türkçe alanyazınında edinim yaşına ilişkin çok az ampirik çalışmanın olduğu görülmektedir. Bu derlemede, edinim yaşı üzerine temel bulgular ve kuramlar incelenmiş, edinim yaşı normlarının öznel ve nesnel prosedürleri ile temel bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Alandaki teorik ve metodolojik problemlerin incelenmesinin ardından edinim yaşının klinik psikoloji, sinirbilim ve ikinci dil edinimini kapsayan uygulama alanları tartışılmış ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
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