Anahtar Kelimeler
kalıpyargı
yabancı düşmanlığı
kimlik
geniş grup kimliği
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Önyargı gündelik hayattaki basitleştirilmiş kullanımının yanında, evrimsel, ontogenetik, tarihsel, ekonomik, sosyopolitik alanlardan etkilenen çok boyutlu bir fenomendir. Önyargılar, insanoğlunun biyopsikososyal özellikleri nedeniyle, birçok durumda görünüm bulabilmektedir. Seçimlerimizden, verdiğimiz kararlara kadar farkında olmadan önyargılarımızın etkisi altında olabilmekteyiz. Önyargıların oluşmasında psikolojik anlamda kimlik gelişiminin büyük bir rolü vardır. Gerek bireysel kimlik gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin gelişim süreçleri ve özellikleri iyi huylu ve kötücül önyargıların oluşumuna katkı sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanında önyargılar, gerek bireysel gerekse de geniş grup kimliğinin bütünlüğünün korunmasında adaptif bir işleve sahiptir. Yabancı düşmanlığı ve yabancılara karşı olumsuz önyargıların oluşumunda, geniş grup dinamiklerinin büyük rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda önyargıların sosyal ve bilişsel kökenlerinden çok psikodinamik kökenleri gözden geçirilmiş ve katı önyargılara karşı korunma ve mücadelede psikanalitik kuramların önemi vurgulanmıştır.
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