Anahtar Kelimeler
topografik yeniden yapılanma
duyular arası yeniden yapılanma
duyu kaybı
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Beynin duyusal deneyimler, fizyolojik değişiklikler ve yaralanmalar sonucunda gösterdiği uyumlanabilme yeteneğine nöroplastisite adı verilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, nöroplastisitenin yalnızca gelişim döneminde değil, yetişkin beyninde de görüldüğünü göstermiştir. Yetişkin beyninde görülen nöroplastik değişimlere örnek olarak duyu kaybı sonrası gözlemlenen duyular arası yeniden yapılanma ve topografik yeniden yapılanma gösterilmektedir. Fakat, güncel literatürde bu yeniden yapılanmaların doğası ve altında yatan nöral mekanizmaları hâlâ tartışma konusudur. Özellikle, duyu kaybı sonrasında beyinde meydana gelen değişiklikliklerin fizyolojik sebepleri ve işlevsel önemi hâlâ tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Ayrıca beyinde meydana gelen işlevsel değişimlerin davranışsal bağıntıları da tam olarak keşfedilememiştir. Bu derleme makale, duyu kaybı sonrası yetişkin beyninde gözlenen işlevsel ve yapısal nöral değişimlerle davranışta meydana gelen değişimleri araştıran çalışmaların güncel olarak hangi aşamada olduğunu özetlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla, birinci bölümde topografik yeniden yapılanma çalışmalarına değinilmekte; duyusal kayıp ile birlikte ortaya çıkan nöral değişimler ve muhtemel sebepleri incelenmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise duyusal kayıp sonucu ortaya çıkan davranışsal değişikliklerin araştırıldığı çalışmalar gözden geçirilmekte, bu değişikliklerin sağladığı işlevsel fayda tartışılmaktadır. Son kısımda ise gelecekteki nöroplastisite çalışmalarına yardımcı olması beklenen güncel literatürdeki eksiklikler ve sınırlamaların kısa bir derlemesi ile bu konuda yapılacak yeni çalışmaların önemi vurgulanmaktadır.
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