Anahtar Kelimeler
kabul ve kararlılık terapisi
damgalama
psikolojik esneklik
sistematik derleme
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
HIV/AIDS, fiziksel sağlığı olumsuz etkilemesinin yanında önemli psikolojik sıkıntılara da yol açabilmektedir. HIV/AIDS tanısı olan bireyler sıklıkla damgalama ve ayrımcılığa maruz kalmakta, daha az sosyal destek alabilmekte ve depresyon, kaygı bozuklukları gibi psikolojik belirtileri yaşayabilmektedirler. Son yıllarda hastalığın kabulü, damgalama gibi faktörler göz önünde bulundurularak Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi (KKT) bu bireylere uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında HIV/AIDS tanısı olan bireylerde KKT müdahalelerinin uygulandığı çalışmalar PRISMA akış şeması ile sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. PubMed=20, EBSCOHost=8, Science Direct=101, Google Scholar=3 olmak üzere çeşitli veri tabanlarında HIV/AIDS tanısı olan yetişkin bireylere yönelik KKT temelli müdahalelerin etkisinin nicel ve/veya nitel ölçüm ile incelendiği toplam 132 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. HIV/AIDS tanısı olan yetişkin bireylere yönelik KKT temelli müdahalelerin etkisinin nicel ve/veya nitel ölçüm ile incelendiği sekiz çalışma detaylı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Gözden geçirilen çalışmalarda KKT müdahalelerinin bu bireylerde özellikle damgalama, sağlık davranışları (ilaç/sigara kullanımı vb.) ve depresyon üzerindeki etkilerinin incelendiği görülmüştür. Sonuçlar söz konusu bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalamanın, depresyonun, sigara kullanımının, iğne paylaşarak madde kullanımının, HIV/AIDS tedavisine veya madde bağımlılığına ilişkin tedaviye katılmama gibi riskli davranışlarının azaldığı görülmüştür. Tedavi sonrasında, psikolojik esneklik, HIV’in psikolojik kabulü, uzun ömür değerlerinde ise artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu çalışmalarda farklı yöntemlerin izlendiği görüldüğünden müdahalenin etkisine dair daha fazla bilgi için randomize kontrollü çalışmaların sayısının artırılması yararlı olacaktır.
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