KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZMİN SİYASET PSİKOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN ÇIKTILARI ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME
Cilt 11 Sayı 28 kapak
PDF

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kolektif narsisizm
siyaset psikolojisi
demokrasi
seçmen tercihleri
komplo teorileri

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

KOLEKTİF NARSİSİZMİN SİYASET PSİKOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN ÇIKTILARI ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME. (2023). Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, 11(28), 310-323. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-11-28-08

Öz

Kolektif narsisizm bir iç grubun mükemmel ve ayrıcalıklı olduğuna ilişkin inançları yansıtan bir sosyal kimlik türüdür. Bu büyüklenmeci inançların devam ettirilmesi diğer gruplardan alınan onaya bağlı olduğu için, iç grubuyla bu şekilde özdeşim kuran üyeler diğer grupların kendi gruplarını yeterince takdir etmediği yönünde kaygılara sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı kolektif narsisizmin siyaset psikolojisi alanındaki çıktılarını bütünlüklü bir şekilde Türkçe alanyazına kazandırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda derlemenin ilk bölümü kolektif narsisizmin kuramsal arka planını ve kökenlerini inceleyen görgül araştırmaları içermektedir. İkinci bölüm ise kolektif narsisizmin siyasete etkilerini araştıran görgül çalışmaları dört alt başlık altında (ülkeye ve tarihe ilişkin algılar, komplo teorisi inançları, oy verme tercihleri ve demokrasiye bakış açısı, destek verilen politika ve uygulamalar) gözden geçirmektedir. Değerlendirilen araştırmalar, ulusal bağlamda çalışılan kolektif narsisizmin seçmenlerin hem iç hem de dış politikada olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilecek siyasi tercihlerini ve düşüncelerini yordadığını göstermektedir. Derlemenin son bölümü ise incelenen çalışmaların eleştirel analizinden yola çıkarak bu alandaki araştırma boşluklarını işaret etmekte; bu konu hakkında çalışmak isteyen araştırmacılara ve öğrencilere gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler sunmaktadır.

PDF

Referanslar

Adorno, T. (1998). Critical models: Interventions and catchwords. Columbia University Press. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi: 1963).

Associated Press. (2005, 25 Nisan). Putin: Soviet collapse a ‘genuine tragedy’. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7632057

Biddlestone, M., Cichocka, A., Główczewski, M. ve Cislak, A. (2022). Their own worst enemy? Collective narcissists are willing to conspire against their in-group. British Journal of Psychology, 113(4), 894– 916. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12569

Bocian, K., Cichocka, A. ve Wojciszke, B. (2021). Moral tribalism: Moral judgments of actions supporting ingroup interests depend on collective narcissism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, Makale no: 104098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104098

Brown, G. ve Marinthe, G. (2022, 14 Ekim). We’re all the same: Collective narcissists’s cross-national support for Putin and Russian Military Attacks. PsyArxiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gqsrz

Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745–778. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::AID-EJSP24>3.0.CO;2-O

Cameron, J. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3(3), 239– 262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000047

Cevizoğlu, M. H. (2018). Benlik, intihar ve kolektif narsisizm bağlamında kitle psikolojisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi.

Cichocka, A. (2016). Understanding defensive and secure in-group positivity: The role of collective narcissism. European Review of Social Psychology, 27(1), 283–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2016.1252530

Cichocka, A. ve Cislak, A. (2020). Nationalism as collective narcissism. Current Opinioın in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.12.013

Cichocka, A., Golec de Zavala, A., Marchlewska, M., Bilewicz, M., Jaworska, M. ve Olechowski, M. (2018). Personal control decreases narcissistic but increases non-narcissistic in-group positivity. Journal of Personality, 86(3), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12328

Cichocka, A., Marchlewska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. ve Olechowski, M. (2016). ‘They will not control us’: Ingroup positivity and belief in intergroup conspiracies. British Journal of Psychology, 107(3), 556– 576. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12158

Cichocka, A., Sengupta, N., Cislak, A., Gronfeldt, B., Azevedo, F. ve Boggio, P. S. (2022). Globalization is associated with lower levels of national narcissism: Evidence from 56 countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 14(4), 437–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506221103326

Cislak, A., Cichocka, A., Wojcik, A. D. ve Milfont, T. L. (2021). Words not deeds: National narcissism, national identification, and support for greenwashing versus genuine proenvironmental campaigns. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74, Makale no: 101576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101576

Cislak, A., Marchlewska, M., Wojcik, A. D., Śliwiński, K., Molenda, Z., Szczepańska, D. ve Cichocka, A. (2021). National narcissism and support for voluntary vaccination policy: The mediating role of vaccination conspiracy beliefs. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(5), 701–719. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220959451

Cislak, A., Pyrczak, M., Mikiewicz, A. ve Cichocka, A. (2020). Brexit and Polexit: Collective narcissism is associated with support for leaving the European Union. Social Psychological Bulletin, 15(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.2645

Cislak, A., Wojcik, A. D. ve Cichocka, A. (2018). Cutting the forest down to save your face: Narcissistic national identification predicts support for anti-conservation policies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 59, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.08.009

Cohen, L. (2021, 15 Ocak). 6 conspiracy theories about 2020 election – debunked. CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/presidential-election-2020-conspiracy-theories-debunked/

Douglas, K.M., Uscinski, J.E., Sutton, R.M., Cichocka, A., Nefes, T., Ang, C. S. ve Deravi, F. (2019). Understanding Conspiracy Theories. Political Psychology, 40(S1), 3– 35. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12568

Dyduch-Hazar, K., Mroziński, B., Simao, C. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2019). Collective narcissism and in- group satisfaction predict different reactions to the past transgressions of the in-group. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 50(4), 316–325. doi: 10.24425/ppb.2019.131004

Eker, I., Cichocka, A. ve Sibley, C. G. (2023). Investigating motivations underlying collective narcissism and in-group identification. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 26(3), 669–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302221081470

Erisen, C., Guidi, M., Martini, S., Toprakkiran, S., Isernia, P. ve Littvay, L. (2021). Psychological correlates of populist attitudes. Political Psychology, 42(S1), 149–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12768

Federico, C. M., Golec De Zavala, A. ve Bu, W. (2022). Collective narcissism as a basis for nationalism. Political Psychology, 44(1), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12833

Federico, C. M. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2018). Collective narcissism in the 2016 Presidential vote. Public Opinion Quarterly, 82(1), 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfx048

Federico, C., Farhart, C., Vitriol, J. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2022). Collective Narcissism and Perceptions of the (Il)legitimacy of the 2020 US Election. The Forum, 20(1), 37–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2022-2046

Fromm, E. (1973). The anatomy of human destructiveness. Pimlico/Random House.

Gambino, L. (2020, 7 Kasım). Joe Biden wins US election after four tumultuous years of Trump presidency. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/nov/07/joe-biden-wins-us-election-donald-trump-loses-final-result-2020

Giles, K. (2022). Russia’s war on everybody: And what it means for you. Bloomsbury Publishing.

Główczewski, M., Wojcik, A. D., Cichocka, A. ve Cislak, A. (2022). “Cause we are the champions of the World”: National narcissism and group-enhancing historical narratives. Social Psychology, 53(6), 357–367. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000506

Golec de Zavala, A. (2022). Conditional parochial vicarious ostracism: Gender collective narcissism predicts distress at the exclusion of the gender ingroup in women and men. Sex Roles, 87, 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01315-z

Golec de Zavala, A. ve Bierwiaczonek, K. (2021). Male, national, and religious collective narcissism predict sexism. Sex Roles, 84, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3

Golec de Zavala, A. ve Federico, C. M. (2018). Collective narcissism and the growth of conspiracy thinking over the course of the 2016 United States presidential election: A longitudinal analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 48(7), 1011–1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2496

Golec de Zavala, A. ve Keenan, O. (2020). Collective narcissism as a framework for understanding populism. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 5(2), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.69

Golec de Zavala, A. ve Keenan, O. (2022, 3 Mayıs). Collective narcissism and the clash of advantaged and disadvantaged groups. PsyArxiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q43ns

Golec de Zavala, A., Bierwiaczonek, K. ve Ciesielski, P. (2022). An interpretation of meta-analytical evidence for the link between collective narcissism and conspiracy theories. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, Makale no: 101360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101360

Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Bilewicz, M. (2013). The paradox of in-group love: Differentiating collective narcissism advances understanding of the relationship between in-group and out-group attitudes. Journal of Personality, 81(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00779.x

Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A. ve Iskra-Golec, I. (2013). Collective narcissism moderates the effect of in-group image threat on intergroup hostility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(6), 1019–1039. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032215

Golec de Zavala, A., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R. ve Jayawickreme, N. (2009). Collective narcissism and its social consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(6), 1074–1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016904

Golec de Zavala, A., Dyduch-Hazar, K. ve Lantos, D. (2019). Collective narcissism: Political consequences of investing self-worth in the ingroup’s image. Political Psychology, 40(S1), 37–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12569

Golec de Zavala, A., Federico, C. M., Sedikides, C., Guerra, R., Lantos, D., Mroziński, B., Cypryańska, M. ve Baran, T. (2020). Low self-esteem predicts out-group derogation via collective narcissism, but this relationship is obscured by in-group satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(3), 741–764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000260

Golec de Zavala, A., Guerra, R. ve Simão, C. (2017). The relationship between the Brexit vote and individual predictors of prejudice: Collective narcissism, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02023

Golec de Zavala, A., Peker, M., Guerra, R. ve Baran, T. (2016). Collective narcissism predicts hypersensitivity to in-group insult and direct and indirect retaliatory intergroup hostility. European Journal of Personality, 30(6), 532–551. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2067

Gronfeldt, B., Cichocka, A., Cislak, A. ve Wyatt, M. (2020, 23 Eylül). Partisanship and political work: Differential associations of partisan identification and partisan narcissism with politicians’ skills and performance. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ke4tr

Gronfeldt, B., Cichocka, A., Marchlewska, M. ve Cislak, A. (2021). Illiberal politics and group-based needs for recognition and dominance. A. Sajó, R. Uitz ve S. Holmes (Ed.), Routledge handbook of illiberalism içinde (s. 655–673). Routledge.

Gronfeldt, B., Cislak, A., Sternisko, A., Eker, I. ve Cichocka, A., (2023). A small price to pay: National narcissism predicts readiness to sacrifice of in-group members to defend the in-group image. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(4), 612–626. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672221074790

Guerra, R., Bierwiaczonek, K., Ferreira, M., Golec de Zavala, A., Abakoumkin, G., Wildschut, T. ve Sedikides, C. (2022). An intergroup approach to collective narcissism: Intergroup threats and hostility in four European Union countries. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(2), 415– 433. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220972178

Imhoff, R., Zimmer, F., Klein, O., António, J. H. C., Babinska, M., Bargenter, A., Bilewicz, M., Blanuša, N., Bovan, K., Bužarovska, R., Cichocka, A., Delouvée, S., Douglas, K. M., Dyrendal, A., Etienne, T., Gjoneska, B., Graf, S. Gualda, E., Hirschberger, G., . . . van Prooijen, J.-W. (2022). Conspiracy mentality and political orientation across 26 countries. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 392–403. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01258-7

Kaval, C. (2021). Predictors of competitive victimhood beliefs in Turkey’s conflict: Turkish and Kurdish intergroup context [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Sabancı Üniversitesi.

Kazarovytska, F. ve Imhoff, R. (2022). Too great to be guilty? Individuals high in collective narcissism demand closure regarding the past to attenuate collective guilt. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(4), 748–771. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2850

Keenan, O. ve Golec de Zavala, A. (2021). Collective narcissism and weakening of American democracy. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 21(1), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12274

Kirby, P. (2023, 24 Şubat). Has Putin’s war failed and what does Russia want from Ukraine? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56720589

Klar, Y. ve Bilewicz, M. (2017). From socially motivated lay historians to lay censors: Epistemic conformity and defensive group identification. Memory Studies, 10(3), 334– 346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698017701616

Kosterman, R. ve Feshbach, S. (1989). Toward a measure of patriotic and nationalistic attitudes. Political Psychology, 10(2), 257–274. https://doi.org/10.2307/3791647

Kruglanski, A. (2022, 1 Mart). Putin is on a quest for historical significance by invading Ukraine and gambling on his own and Russia’s glory. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/putin-is-on-a-quest-for-historical-significance-by-invading-ukraine-and-gambling-on-his-own-and-russias-glory-177887

Lantos, D. ve Forgas, J. P. (2021). The role of collective narcissism in populist attitudes and the collapse of democracy in Hungary. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 5(2), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.80

Larkin, B. ve Fink, J. S. (2019). Toward a better understanding of fan aggression and dysfunction: The moderating role of collective narcissism. Journal of Sport Management, 33(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0012

Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., Ouwerkerk, J. W. ve Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144

Lyons, P. A., Kenworthy, J. B. ve Popan, J. R. (2010). Ingroup identification and group-level narcissism as predictors of U.S. citizens’ attitudes and behavior toward Arab immigrants. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(9), 1267–1280. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210380604

Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Furman, A. ve Cislak, A. (2022). Who respects the will of the people? Support for democracy is linked to high secure national identity but low national narcissism. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(2), 599–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12499

Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Jaworska, M., Golec de Zavala, A. ve Bilewicz, M. (2020). Superficial ingroup love? Collective narcissism predicts ingroup image defense, outgroup prejudice, and lower ingroup loyalty. British Journal of Social Psychology, 59(4), 857–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12367

Marchlewska, M., Cichocka, A., Panayiotou, O., Castellanos, K. ve Batayneh, J. (2018). Populism as identity politics. Perceived in-group disadvantage, collective narcissism, and support for populism. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617732393

Mashuri, A., van Leeuwen, E., Zaduqisti, E., Sukmawati, F., Sakdiah, H. ve Herani, I. (2020). The psychological antecedents of resistance to humanitarian aid. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 25(1), 280–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220962179

Mole, R., Golec de Zavala, A. ve Ardag, M. (2021). Homophobia and national collective narcissism in populist Poland. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes De Sociologie, 62(1), 37– 70. doi: 10.1017/S0003975621000072

Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition, 39(4), 541– 63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x

Mudde, C. (2017). Populism: An Ideational Approach. C. R. Kaltwasser, P. Taggart, P. O. Espejo ve P. Ostiguy (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Populism içinde (s. 27–47). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.1

Mueller, B. (2020, 31 Ocak). What is Brexit? And what happens next? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/europe/what-is-brexit.html

Müller, J.-W. (2016). What is populism? University of Pennsylvania Press.

Putnam, A. L., Ross M. Q., Soter, L. K. ve Roediger, H. L. 3rd. (2018). Collective Narcissism: Americans Exaggerate the Role of Their Home State in Appraising U.S. History. Psychological Science, 29(9), 1414–1422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618772504

Roccas, S., Klar, Y. ve Liviatan, I. (2006). The paradox of group-based guilt: Modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the in-group’s moral violations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 698–711. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.698

Schatz, R. T., Staub, E. ve Lavine, H. (1999). On the varieties of national attachment: Blind versus constructive patriotism. Political Psychology, 20(1), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00140

Sternisko, A., Cichocka, A., Cislak, A. ve Van Bavel, J. J. (2023). National narcissism predicts the belief in and the dissemination of conspiracy theories during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from 56 countries. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211054947

Taggart, P. (2017). Populism in Western Europe. C. R. Kaltwasser, P. Taggart, P. O. Espejo ve P. Ostiguy (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Populism içinde (s. 248–264). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.12

Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. W. G. Austin ve S. Worchel (Ed.), The social psychology of intergroup relations içinde (s. 33–37). Brooks/Cole.

Van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, C., Azevedo, F. ve Jost, J. T. (2021). The paranoid style in American politics revisited: An ideological asymmetry in conspiratorial thinking. Political Psychology, 42(1), 23–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12681

Wendling, M., Sardarizadeh, S. ve Horton, J. (2022, 9 Kasım). US midterms: Misleading election claims fact-checked. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/63564964

Wojcik, A. D. ve Lewicka, M. (2022). Between discovery and exploitation of history: Lay theories of history and their connections to national identity and interest in history. Memory Studies, 15(6), 1497–1516. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221134507

Zaromb, F. M., Liu, J. H., Páez, D., Hanke, K., Putnam, A. L. ve Roediger, H. L. (2018). We made history: Citizens of 35 countries overestimate their nation’s role in world history. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 7(4), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2018.05.006

Creative Commons License

Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.

Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi