Öz
Obeziteye bağlı sağlık sorunlarının mevcut önleme ve tedavi yaklaşımlarının yetersizliği, alternatif terapötik yöntemlerin arayışını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu derleme, obezitenin neden olduğu nörobiyolojik ve davranışsal değişikliklerde, doymamış yağ asitlerinin (n-3 PUFA) kullanımının, bu değişiklikleri önlemede ve mevcut tedavi yöntemlerini tamamlamada nasıl katkı sağlayabileceğini anlamak amacıyla, ilgili bilimsel kanıtları sunmuştur. Derlemede, yüksek yağlı diyetlerle indüklenen obezite ve maternal obezite çalışmaları üzerine odaklanarak, sadece kemirgenler üzerindeki çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Obezitedeki ilk değişikliklerin periferik dokularda gözlemlenmesine karşın, çalışmalar obezitenin beyinde de çeşitli bozukluklara yol açabileceğini göstermektedir. Omega-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin kullanımı, anti-enflamatuar etkisi, mezokortikolimbik ve endokannabinoid yollar üzerindeki kritik rolü ve beyindeki ilgili değişiklikleri düzeltebilecek potansiyeli nedeniyle önemli bir strateji olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak, periferik dokularda ve merkezi sinir sisteminde meydana gelen değişiklikler de dahil olmak üzere obezite patofizyolojisinin kısa bir tanımı sunulmaktadır. Sonrasında, n-3 PUFA'nın genel etkileri açıklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, obezite ve n-3 PUFA'yı birbirine bağlayan endokannabinoid ve beyindeki dopaminerjik ödül sistemleri ve nöroinflamasyon üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Derlememiz, obezite ile ilişkili beyin değişikliklerinin n-3 PUFA'nın etkisi altında nasıl değişebileceğine dair yeni bakış açıları sunarak alana özgün bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
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