Öz
Mevcut kapsam belirleme çalışması, ev sahibi çocuk ve ergenler örnekleminde mültecilere ve göçmen gruplara yönelik ön yargı ve olumsuz tutumları azaltmak için geliştirilen müdahale programlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çocuklarda ve ergenlerde tutumları değiştirmek, katılaşmış fikirlere sahip yetişkinlere göre daha kolay olabilir. Ancak son yıllarda yapılmış müdahale çalışmalarından hangi programların daha iyi olduğu konusunda alan yazında ne tür bilgilerin mevcut olduğu belirsizdir. Bunun cevabını bulmak adına ilgili makaleleri seçmek için hakemli ve akademik dergi makalelerini içeren veri tabanları taranmıştır. Dahil edilme kriterleri şu şekilde sıralanabilir: müdahale çalışması olması, katılımcıların ev sahibi toplumdaki çocuk ve ergenlerden oluşması, bağımlı değişkenlerden en az birinin mülteci gruplarına yönelik tutum ve ön yargıları ölçmesi, 2010-2022 yılları arasında İngilizce ve Türkçe dillerinde yazılmış olması. Sonuçları raporlamak için PRISMA Kapsam Belirleme İnceleme Uzantısı (PRISMA-ScR) kullanılmıştır. 358 potansiyel makale arasından seçilen kriterlere göre toplam 10 makale çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Mevcut kapsam belirleme incelemesine göre, grup içi tartışmaları ve empati temelli rol yapma gibi etkinlikleri içeren ırkçılık karşıtı müdahale programları, gruplar arası ön yargıları azaltmada çok kültürlü müfredatlara kıyasla çocuklar ve ergenler için daha faydalıdır. Ek olarak, dış gruplarla dolaylı temasa dayalı müdahale programlarının, mültecilere yönelik olumsuz tutumları azaltmada etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak, müdahale programlarının çoğunun mülteci çocukların psiko-sosyal gelişimlerini desteklemeye yönelik olduğu görülmüştür. Ev sahibi toplumdan çocukların ve ergenlerin ön yargılarını azaltmaya yönelik müdahale programlarının Türkiye örnekleminde sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmüştür. Bu noktada, mevcut kapsam belirleme incelemesi alan yazındaki büyük bir boşluğa işaret etmektedir.
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