Öz
Olumlu bir sosyal davranış türü olan ahlaki cesaret, olası sosyal maliyet ve riskler barındıran ahlaki norm ihlalleri karşısında yüreklilik göstererek doğruyu savunmaktır. Toplumsal işleyişin yanı sıra bireysel esenlik için öneminin anlaşılması, birçok araştırmacıyı bu kavramı daha iyi anlamaya yöneltmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, ahlaki cesaret ile ilgili Türkçe kaynak eksikliğini gidererek bu kavram hakkında farkındalık oluşturmak, önemine dikkat çekmek ve Türk örnekleminde yapılacak çalışmalar ve geliştirilecek uygulamalar için güncel bir bilgi içeriği ve yol haritası sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda, öncelikle ahlaki cesaretin önemi gerçek hayattan örneklerle ve görgül çalışmalarla açıklanmıştır. Ardından, olumlu sosyal davranış (prososyal davranış) ve türleri ile ilgili kavramsal karmaşa betimlenerek ahlaki cesaretin içerik ve amaç yönüyle farklılığı ortaya konmuştur. Daha sonra bu davranışın altında yatan psikolojik ve durumsal süreçler ilgili alanyazın çalışmaları derlenerek açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca, ahlaki cesaretin ölçülmesinde kullanılan yöntemler ve Türkiye’de yapılmış olan sınırlı sayıda çalışmaya da yer verilmiştir. Son olarak, konuyla ilgili sonuç değerlendirmesi yapılarak gelecekteki ahlaki cesaret çalışmaları için önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ahlaki cesaret, benzer diğer olumlu sosyal davranışlardan, yardım eden kişiye yüksek sosyal maliyet barındırmasına rağmen gerektirdiği güçlü ahlaki duruş yönü ile ayrışmakta; bu açıdan toplumsal işleyiş için ayrı bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmektedir.
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