Anahtar Kelimeler
mekânsal ipucu
ipucu geçerliliği
pozisyona bağlı hazırlama etkileri
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Görsel tarama görevlerinde denemeler arasında hedef uyaran özelliklerinin tekrarlanması veya değişmesi performansı farklı etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada hedef uyaranın pozisyonu farklı koşullarda denemeler arasında (deneme n deneme n+1) değişimlemeye uğrayarak önceki denemede yer alan hedef uyaran, çeldirici uyaran pozisyonunda ya da nötr/boş bir pozisyonda konumlanmıştır. Hedef uyaranın uyaran setindeki pozisyonunun önceki deneme ile aynı olması hedef uyaranın tespitini boş pozisyona kıyasla kolaylaştırmaktadır ve kolaylaştırıcı hazırlama etkisi olarak adlandırılır. Hedef uyaranın uyaran setindeki pozisyonunun önceki denemedeki çeldirici uyaran pozisyonunda olması ise boş pozisyona kıyasla hedef uyaranın tespitini zorlaştırarak performansta zayıflığa yol açmaktadır ve ketleyici hazırlama etkisi olarak adlandırılır (Maljkovic ve Nakayama, 1996). Bu çalışmanın amacı, mekânsal dikkat süreçlerini incelemeyi mümkün kılan pozisyona bağlı kolaylaştırıcı ve ketleyici hazırlama etkilerinin sembolik, kelime ve nötr ipucu uyaranlarının yer aldığı koşullarda ne tür bir değişikliğe uğradığını incelemektir. Uyaran setinden önce sembolik, semantik ya da nötr ipucu uyaranlarından biri gösterilmiştir. İpucu uyaranları, uyaran setinde bulunan hedef uyaranın bulunduğu noktayı ya da çeldirici uyaranlardan birinin bulunduğu noktayı işaret etmiştir. İpucu uyaranının işaret ettiği nokta hedef uyaranın bulunduğu nokta olduğunda geçerli ipucu; çeldirici uyaranlardan birinin yer aldığı nokta olduğunda ise geçersiz ipucu koşulu ortaya çıkmıştır. Deney görevi performansı farklı ipucu türleri ve ipucu geçerliliği koşullarında tepki süresi bağımlı değişkeni temelinde incelenmiştir. Bulgular, ipucu geçerliliği ve ipucu türü değişkenlerinin kolaylaştırıcı ve ketleyici hazırlama etkilerinde farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Önceki çalışmalarda bir arada incelenmeyen bu faktörlere ait bulgular, mekânsal dikkat süreçlerine dair alan yazına katkı sağlama potansiyeli taşımaktadır.
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