Anahtar Kelimeler
özdeşleşme
kimlik yönetim stratejileri
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Güç ve statü farklılıklarının söz konusu olduğu belirli bazı durumlarda düşük statülü (dezavantajlı/azınlık) grupların üyelerinin yüksek statülü gruplara yönelik olumlu bir tutum sergilediğine ilişkin çeşitli bulgular mevcuttur. Sistemi Meşrulaştırma Kuramcıları bu bulguların dış grup tarafgirliği olgusunu yansıttığını iddia etmekte ve Sosyal Kimlik Kuramını (SKK), bu olguya tatmin edici bir açıklama sağlayamadığı yönünde eleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, toplumsal yapı içerisinde düşük statüde bulunan grupların üyelerinin yüksek statülü gruplara yönelik olumlu tutumuna ilişkin SKK bağlamında üretilen kuramsal açıklamaları ve araştırma bulgularını derlemek ve SKK’nın önerdiği grubu olumlama motivasyonu temelinde tartışmaktır. Yapılan literatür incelemesinde, SKK’nın düşük statülü grupların söz konusu eğilimine ilişkin getirdiği dört kuramsal açıklamaya ve bu açıklamaları destekleyen çeşitli bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Bu açıklamalardan ikisi, yüksek statülü grubu olumlu değerlendirenlerin ya bireysel hareketlilik stratejisine başvuran ve kendini bu grup üzerinden tanımlayanlar ya da yüksek statülü grubu kendi grupları ile ortak bir üst kimlik altında birleşmeyi içeren üst yeniden sınıflandırma stratejisini izleyenler olabileceğine ilişkindir. Diğer bir açıklama, statüyü belirleyen boyutta dış grubun gücünü/yetkinliğini kabul eden üyelerin dış gruba karşı daha olumlu bir kimlik algısını oluşturmak için kendi grubunun başarılı olduğu alternatif boyutları öne çıkarıp bu boyutlara daha fazla değer verenler olduğu yönündedir. Dördüncü açıklama ise, bu eğilimin sosyal gerçekliği pasif bir şekilde kabul etmenin bir tezahürü olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Her dört açıklamayı da destekleyen bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Söz konusu açıklama ve bulgulara göre, düşük statülü grupların bu eğilimi -mevcut sistemin devamlılığını sağlasa da- iç grup kimliğini savunma, koruma ve desteklemeye hizmet eden “kimliği olumlama” motivasyonu ile çelişmemektedir.
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