Öz
Duygusal yeme, olumsuz ve rahatsız edici duygu ve deneyimlerin etkisini zayıflatmak amacıyla sergilenen yeme davranışı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Olumsuz duygularla teması kesmek için yiyeceğin kullanılması uyumsuz bir baş etme yöntemi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Beraberinde kilo yönetimini zorlaştırması, işlevsiz bir baş etme stratejisi olarak ek sorunlara yol açması gibi nedenlerle bu örüntünün nasıl ortaya çıktığı, kimler için risk oluşturduğu, kimlerde nasıl ve hangi düzeyde gözlendiğinin saptanması birçok çalışmanın odağı olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, duygusal yemenin belirlenmesi için alanyazında ortak kabul edilmiş bir değerlendirme aracının ve bir ölçüt puanın olmaması, araştırmalarda farklı yöntemlerin izlenmesine yol açmıştır. Farklı yöntemlerin kullanılması ise olumsuz duyguların yiyecek tüketimi üzerindeki etkisini tutarlı bir şekilde ortaya koymayı güçleştirmiştir. Duygusal yemenin görgül çalışmalarla tutarlı bir şekilde desteklenememiş olması söz konusu olgunun varlığına ve duygusal yemeyi değerlendirme ölçümlerine ilişkin kuşkuları gündeme getirmiştir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, duygusal yemeyi belirlemede kullanılan yöntemlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, alanyazında kullanılan yöntemler tanıtılmış, araştırma sonuçları gözden geçirilerek yöntemlerin birbirlerine karşı avantaj ve dezavantajları ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, duygusal yemenin belirlenmesinde kullanılan her bir yöntemin kendi içerisinde farklı sınırlılıklar gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu sınırlıklar nedeniyle, duygusal yeme değerlendirmeleri bir şekilde hataya açık görünmektedir. Duygusal yemenin değerlendirilmesinde tek bir yöntemin geçerliliğinin kabulünden ziyade her bir yöntemde birçok parametrenin dikkate alınması önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte duygusal yemenin değerlendirilmesinde yeni ve yaratıcı ölçümlerin geliştirilmesi ve denenmesine ilişkin ihtiyaç söz konusudur.
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