Anahtar Kelimeler
duygu düzenleme stratejileri
genç yetişkinlik
bakım veren
tematik analiz
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Duyguların nasıl düzenlendiği bireyin işlevselliği için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bireylerin duygu düzenlemesi ile onlara bakım verenlerin kendi duygularını nasıl ve ne düzeyde düzenlediği arasında bir ilişki olduğu bilinmektedir. Fakat genç yetişkinlerin kendilerine ve bakım verenlerine ait duygu düzenleme stratejilerini nasıl tanımladıkları ve kendi duygu düzenlemelerini etkileyen etmenleri nasıl yorumladıkları hakkında yapılan araştırmalar kısıtlıdır. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada, genç yetişkinlerin kendi duygu düzenlemeleri, bakım verenlerinin düzenleme stratejisi kullanımları ve kendi duygu düzenlemelerini etkileyen etmenlerle ilgili düşüncelerinin anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 14 katılımcıdan, yarı-yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler ve görüşme sonrası iki hafta boyunca gün aşırı uygulanan çevrimiçi günlükler yoluyla duygu düzenleme süreçleri ile ilgili bilgi edinilmiştir. Elde edilen veri tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre genç yetişkinlerin kendileri ve bakım verenleri için dile getirdikleri duygu düzenleme stratejileri benzerlikler taşımaktadır. Stratejiler zihinsel süreçlere dayalı, etkileşime dayalı ve maruz kalmaya dayalı olarak üç ana tema şeklinde gruplandırılmıştır. Günlük yoluyla elde edilen bilgiler; günlük hayatta en sık maruz kalmaya dayalı stratejilerin kullanıldığını, sıklık açısından zihinsel süreçlere ve etkileşime dayalı stratejilerin ise ikinci sırada geldiğini göstermektedir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda ayrıca katılımcıların karmaşık bir çok duygu düzenleme stratejisi kullandıkları ve duygu düzenlemelerinin pek çok etmenle ilgili olduğunu düşündükleri görülmüştür. Kimi stratejiler (örn., bastırmak) alan yazındaki tanımlamalardan farklılaşmış, duygu düzenleme sürecinde bakım verenlere ek olarak yöntemin işlevsel olup olmaması ve ilişkisel sonuçları gibi etmenlerin de rol oynayabileceği anlaşılmıştır.
Referanslar
Abela, J. R. Z. ve Hankin, B. L. (2011). Rumination as a vulnerability factor to depression during the transition from early to middle adolescence: A multiwave longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(2), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022796
Ahmetoğlu, E., İlhan Ildiz, G., Acar, İ. ve Encinger, A. (2017). Children’s emotion regulation and attachment to parents: Parental emotion socialization as moderator. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(6), 969-984. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6795
Al-Dajani, N., Uliaszek, A. A. ve Hamdullahpur, K. (2019). It’s the thought that counts: Belief in suicide as an escape moderates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and suicidal ideation cross- sectionally and longitudinally. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 6(16). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-019-0112-5
Aldao, A. (2013). The future of emotion regulation research: Capturing context. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(2), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459518
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. ve Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
Altun, F. (2020). Traumatic experiences and collectivist coping styles of university students in Turkey. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.008
Amiri, S. ve Navab, A. (2018). The association between the adaptive/maladaptive personality dimensions and emotional regulation. Neuropsychiatria I Neuropsychologia, 13(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2018.77448
Asbrand, J., Svaldi, J., Krämer, M., Breuninger, C. ve Tuschen-Caffier, B. (2016). Familial accumulation of social anxiety symptoms and maladaptive emotion regulation. PloS one, 11(4), e0153153. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153153
Atieno, O. (2009). An analysis of the strengths and limitation of qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 13, 13-18. http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/files/pdf/Atieno_Vol.13.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2021)
Bariola, E. J., Gullone, E. ve Hughes, E. K. (2011). Child and adolescent emotion regulation: The role of parental emotion regulation and expression. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 198- 212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0092-5
Bariola, E. J., Hughes, E. K. ve Gullone, E. (2012). Relationships between parent and child emotion regulation strategy use: A brief report. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(3), 443-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9497-5
Blos, P. (1967). The second individuation process of adolescence. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 22, 162-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.1967.11822595
Bolger, N., Davis, A. ve Rafaeli, E. (2003). Diary methods: Capturing life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology, 54(1), 579-616. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145030
Borecka-Biernat, D. (2018). Aggressive coping strategy in situations of social conflict. An attempt to determine personality predictors. Journal of Educational Sciences, 38(2). 55-70. https://doi.org/10.35923/JES.2018.2.05
Brans, K., Koval, P., Verduyn, P., Lim, Y. L. ve Kuppens, P. (2013). The regulation of negative and positive affect in daily life. Emotion, 13(5), 926-939. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032400
Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brumariu, L. E. (2015). Parent–child attachment and emotion regulation. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20098
Buhl, H. M. (2008). Significance of individuation in adult child–parent relationships. Journal of Family Issues, 29(2), 262-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07304272
Cabanac, M. (2002). What is emotion?. Behavioural Processes, 60(2), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00078-5
Cameron, L. ve Overall, N. (2017). Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. Emotion, 18(4), 465-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000334
Carpenter, R. W. ve Trull, T. J. (2013). Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(1), 335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0335-2
Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A. ve McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology: JFP: Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 17(4), 598-606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598
Charmaz, K. (2014). Grounded theory in global perspective: Reviews by international researchers. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(9), 1074-1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414545235
Chen, F. (2015). Parents’ and childrens’ emotion regulation strategies in emotionally situated zones: A cultural-historical perspective. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 40(2), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911504000213
Chun, C.-A., Moos, R. H. ve Cronkite, R. C. (2006). Culture: A fundamental context for the stress and coping paradigm. P. T. P. Wong ve L. C. J. Wong (Ed.), International and Cultural Psychology Series. Handbook of multicultural perspectives on stress and coping içinde (s.29-53). Spring Publications. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26238-5_2
Clarke, V. ve Braun, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Beginners. Sage Publications.
Cludius, B., Mennin, D. ve Ehring, T. (2020). Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic process. Emotion, 20(1), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000646
Crespo, L. M., Trentacosta, C. J., Aikins, D. ve Wargo-Aikins, J. (2017). Maternal emotion regulation and children’s behavior problems: The mediating role of child emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(10), 2797-2809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0791-8 d'Arbeloff, T. C., Freedy, K. R., Knodt, A. R., Radtke, S. R., Brigidi, B. D. ve Hariri, A. R. (2018). Emotion regulation and the experience of future negative mood: The importance of assessing social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2287. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02287
DeJonckheere, M. ve Vaughn, L. M. (2019). Semistructured interviewing in primary care research: A balance of relationship and rigour. Family Medicine and Community Health, 7(2). http://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000057
De Leersnyder, J., Boiger, M. ve Mesquita, B. (2013). Cultural regulation of emotion: individual, relational, and structural sources. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00055
Eldesouky, L. ve English, T. (2019). Regulating for a reason: Emotion regulation goals are linked to spontaneous strategy use. Journal of Personality, 87(5), 948-961. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12447
English, T., Lee, I. A., John, O. P. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Emotion regulation strategy selection in daily life: The role of social context and goals. Motivation and Emotion, 41(2), 230-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9597-z
Eres, R., Lim, M. H., Lanham, S., Jillard, C. ve Bates, G. (2020). Loneliness and emotion regulation: Implications of having social anxiety disorder. Australian Journal of Psychology, 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12296
Finfgeld‐Connett, D. (2005). Clarification of social support. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37, 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2005.00004.x
Fischer, A. H., Manstead, A. S. R. ve Zaalberg, R. (2003). Social influences on the emotion process. European Review of Social Psychology, 14(1), 171-201. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280340000054
Ford, B. Q. ve Mauss, I. B. (2015). Culture and emotion regulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 3, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.004
Garber, J., Braafladt, N. ve Zeman, J. (1991). The regulation of sad affect: An information-processing perspective. J. Garber ve K. Dodge (Ed.), The Development of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation içinde (s. 208-240). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511663963.011
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V. ve Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
Göregenli, M. (1995). Kültürümüz açısından bireycilik-toplulukçuluk eğilimleri: Bir başlangıç çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 10(35), 1-14. https://www.psikolog.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/dergiler/1031828/tpd1300443319950000m000286.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2021)
Graneist, A. ve Habermas, T. (2019). Beyond the text given: Studying the scaffolding of narrative emotion regulation as a contribution to Bruner and Feldman’s cultural cognitive developmental psychology. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 53, 644-660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-019-9474-x
Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224- 237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224
Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0048577201393198
Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1- 26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781
Gross, J. T. ve Cassidy, J. (2019). Expressive suppression of negative emotions in children and adolescents: Theory, data, and a guide for future research. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1938-1950. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000722
Gross, J. J. ve John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Gross, J. J. ve Levenson, R. W. (1997). Hiding feelings: The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106(1), 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.106.1.95
Gross, J. J., Richards, J. M. ve John, O. P. (2006). Emotion Regulation in Everyday Life. D. K. Snyder, J. Simpson ve J. N. Hughes (Ed.), Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health içinde (s. 13-35). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11468-001
Gross, J. J. ve Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion Regulation: Conceptual Foundations. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 3-24). The Guilford Press.
Gürcan Yıldırım, D. (2020). Kültür ve Duygu Düzenleme. G. Cesur Soysal ve E. Öncel Sarı (Ed.), Duygu Düzenleme içinde (s. 241-257). Nobel Yayın Grubu.
Hatiboğlu Altunnar, N. H. ve Habermas, T. (2018). Life narratives are more other-centered, more negative, and less coherent in Turkey than in Germany: Comparing provincial-Turkish, Metropolitan-Turkish, Turkish-German, and native German educated young adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02466
Heiy, J. E. ve Cheavens, J. S. (2014). Back to basics: A naturalistic assessment of the experience and regulation of emotion. Emotion, 14(5), 878-891. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037231
Heppner, P. P., Heppner, M. J., Lee, D. G., Wang, Y. W., Park, H. J. ve Wang, L. F. (2006). Development and validation of a collectivist coping styles inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.107
Herman-Stahl, M. A., Stemmler, M. ve Petersen, A. C. (1995). Approach and avoidant coping: Implications for adolescent mental health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(6), 649-665. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01536949
Hughes, D. J., Kratsiotis, I. K., Niven, K. ve Holman, D. (2020). Personality traits and emotion regulation: A targeted review and recommendations. Emotion, 20(1), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo000064
Iida, M., Shrout, P. E., Laurenceau, J. ve Bolger, N. (2012). Using diary methods in psychological research. APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 1. Foundations, planning, measures, and psychometrics içinde (s. 277-305). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13619-016
Izard, C. E. (2010). The many meanings/aspects of emotion: Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation. Emotion Review. 2. 363-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910374661
Jaffe, M., Gullone, E. ve Hughes, E. (2010). The roles of temperamental dispositions and perceived parenting behaviours in the use of two emotion regulation strategies in late childhood. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 31. 47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.008
Jazaieri, H., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R. ve Gross, J. J. (2015). The role of emotion and emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0531-3
John, O. P. ve Gross, J. J. (2004). Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00298.x
Keltner, D. ve Shiota, M. N. (2003). New displays and new emotions: A commentary on Rozin and Cohen (2003). Emotion, 3(1), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.86
Kim, H. K., Pears, K. C., Capaldi, D. M. ve Owen, L. D. (2009). Emotion dysregulation in the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(4), 585-595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015935
Kinner, V. L., Het, S. ve Wolf, O. T. (2014). Emotion regulation: Exploring the impact of stress and sex. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 397. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00397
Klimes-Dougan, B., Brand, A. E., Zahn-Waxler, C., Usher, B., Hastings, P. D., Kendziora, K. ve Garside, R. B. (2007). Parental emotion socialization in adolescence: Differences in sex, age and problem status. Social Development, 16(2), 326-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00387.x
Kring, A. M. ve Sloan, D. M. (2009). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. Guilford Press.
Kross, E. ve Ayduk, O. (2008). Facilitating adaptive emotional analysis: Distinguishing distanced-analysis of depressive experiences from immersed-analysis and distraction. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(7), 924-938. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208315938
Larsen, R. J. ve Prizmic, Z. (2008). Regulation of emotional well-being: Overcoming the hedonic treadmill. M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Ed.), The science of subjective well-being içinde (s. 258-289). Guilford Press.
Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Gordon, K. H., Kaye, W. H. ve Mitchell, J. E. (2015). Dimensions of emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A conceptual review of the empirical literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.05.010
Lazarus, R. S. ve Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
Li, J., Ahemaitijiang, N., Han, Z. R. ve Jin, Z. (2018). Grandparents’ parenting on children’s internalizing symptoms: The serial mediation of parents’ psychological control and children’s emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 39(17), 3996-4018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18804284
Livingstone, K. M. ve Isaacowitz, D. M. (2015). Situation selection and modification for emotion regulation in younger and older adults. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(8), 904-910. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550615593148
Mahler, M. S., Pine, F. ve Bergman. A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant. Basic Books.
Marcus, J., Ceylan, S. ve Ergin, C. (2017). Not so “Traditional” anymore? Generational shifts on Schwartz Values in Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116673909
Martins, B., Sheppes, G., Gross, J. J. ve Mather, M. (2016). Age differences in emotion regulation choice: Older adults use distraction less than younger adults in high-intensity positive contexts. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 73(4), 603-611. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw028
Mathis, E. T. B. ve Bierman, K. L. (2015). Dimensions of parenting associated with child prekindergarten emotion regulation and attention control in low-income families. Social Development, 24(3), 601-620. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12112
Maxwell, J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (3. baskı). Sage Publications.
McRae, K., Ciesielski, B. ve Gross, J. J. (2012). Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: Goals, tactics and outcomes. Emotion, 12, 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026351
McRae, K., Rhee, S. H., Gatt, J. M., Godinez, D., Williams, L. M. ve Gross, J. J. (2017). Genetic and environmental influences on emotion regulation: A twin study of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Emotion, 17(5), 772-777. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000300
Miranda, R., Tsypes, A., Gallagher, M. ve Rajappa, K. (2013). Rumination and hopelessness as mediators of the relation between perceived emotion dysregulation and suicidal ideation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37(4), 786-795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9524-5
Morelen, D., Shaffer, A. ve Suveg, C. (2016). Maternal emotion regulation: Links to emotion parenting and child emotion regulation. Journal of Family Issues, 37(13), 1891-1916. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14546720
Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S. ve Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), 361-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x
Naragon-Gainey, K., McMahon, T. ve Chacko, T. (2017). The structure of common emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic examination. Psychological Bulletin, 143(4), 384-427. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000093
Naumann., E, Tuschen-Caffier, B., Voderholzer, U. ve Svaldi, J. (2015). Spontaneous emotion regulation in anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 40, 304-313. doi:10.1007/s10608- 015- 9723-3.
Neacsiu, A. D., Fang, C. M., Rodriguez, M. ve Rosenthal, M. Z. (2018). Suicidal behavior and problems with emotion regulation. Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior, 48(1), 52-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12335
Newman, D. B. ve Nezlek, J. B. (2021). The influence of daily events on emotion regulation and well-being in daily life. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167220980882
Nezlek, J. B. ve Kuppens, P. (2008). Regulating positive and negative emotions in daily life. Journal of Personality, 76(3), 561-580. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00496.x
Niedenthal, P. M., Krauth-Gruber, S. ve Ric, F. (2006). Psychology of emotion: Interpersonal, experiential, and cognitive approaches. Psychology Press.
Norem, J. K. ve Cantor, N. (1986). Defensive pessimism: Harnessing anxiety as motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1208-1217. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1208
Novin, S., Banerjee, R., Dadkhah, A. ve Rieffe, C. (2009). Self‐reported use of emotional display rules in the Netherlands and Iran: Evidence for sociocultural influence. Social Development, 18(2), 397-411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00485.x.
Parkinson, B. ve Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 13(3), 277-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379285
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3. baskı). Sage Publications, Inc.
Pekel-Uludağlı, N. ve Akbaş, G. (2019). Young adults’ perceptions of social clock and adulthood roles in the Turkish population. Journal of Adult Development, 26(2), 105-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9298-9
Poon, J. A., Turpyn, C. C., Hansen, A., Jacangelo, J. ve Chaplin, T. M. (2015). Adolescent substance use and psychopathology: Interactive effects of cortisol reactivity and emotion regulation. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 40. 368-380. doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9729-x.
Purnamaningsih, E. H. (2017). Personality and emotion regulation strategies. International Journal of Psychological Research, 10(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2040
Rahman, M. S. (2016). The advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in language “testing and assessment” research: A literature review. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n1p102
Roemer, L. ve Borkovec, T. D. (1994). Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(3), 467-474. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.103.3.467
Rottweiler, A. L., Taxer, J. L. ve Nett, U. E. (2018). Context matters in the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies. AERA Open, 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858418778849
Sarıtaş, D., Grusec, J. E. ve Gençöz, T. (2013). Warm and harsh parenting as mediators of the relation between maternal and adolescent emotion regulation. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1093-1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.015
Scheibe, S. ve Moghimi, D. (2019). Age and context effects in daily emotion regulation and well-being at work. Work, Aging and Retirement, 7(1), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/workar/waz014
Scheibe, S., Sheppes, G. ve Staudinger, U. (2015). Distract or reappraise? Age-related differences in emotion- regulation choice. Emotion, 15(6), 677-681. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039246
Sharp, S. (2010). How does prayer help manage emotions? Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(4), 417- 437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0190272510389129
Sheppes, G. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: Theory and findings. J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation içinde (s. 126-139). The Guilford Press.
Sheppes, G. ve Meiran, N. (2007). Better late than never? On the dynamics of online regulation of sadness using distraction and cognitive reappraisal. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(11), 1518- 1532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167207305537
Shewark, E. A. ve Blandon, A. Y. (2014). Mothers and fathers’ emotion socialization and childrens’ emotion regulation: A within-family model. Social Development, 24(2), 266-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12095
Shiota, M. N. ve Kalat, J. W. (2011). Emotion (2. baskı). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Silk, J. S., Shaw, D. S., Skuban, E. M., Oland, A. A. ve Kovács, M. (2006). Emotion regulation strategies in offspring of childhood-onset depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, (47)1, 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01440.x
Silva, E., Freire, T. ve Faria, S. (2018). The emotion regulation strategies of adolescents and their parents: An experience sampling study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(6), 1774-1785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1015-6
Soto, J. A., Perez, C. R., Kim, Y. H., Lee, E. A. ve Minnick, M. R. (2011). Is expressive suppression always associated with poorer psychological functioning? A cross-cultural comparison between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese. Emotion, 11(6), 1450-1455. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023340
Suri, G., Sheppes, G., Young, G., Abraham, D., McRae, K. ve Gross, J. J. (2018). Emotion regulation choice: The role of environmental affordances. Cognition and Emotion, 32(5), 963-971. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1371003
Suri, G., Whittaker, K. ve Gross, J. J. (2015). Launching reappraisal: It’s less common than you might think. Emotion, 15(1), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000011
Sümer, N., Pauknerova, D., Vancea, M. ve Manuoğlu, E. (2019). Intergenerational transmission of work values in Czech Republic, Spain, and Turkey: Parent-child similarity and the moderating role of parenting behaviors. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 682. 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219830953.
Tamir, M. ve Mauss, I. B. (2011). Social cognitive factors in emotion regulation: Implications for well-being. I. Nykliček, A. Vingerhoets, M. Zeelenberg (Ed.), Emotion regulation and well-being içinde (s. 31- 47). Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8_3
Tamres, L. K., Janicki, D. ve Helgeson, V. S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior: A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(1), 2-30. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0601_1
Taras, V., Steel, P. ve Kirkman, B. L. (2012). Improving national cultural indices using a longitudinal meta- analysis of Hofstede’s dimensions. Journal of World Business, 47, 329-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2011.05.001
Thayer, R. E., Newman, J. R. ve McClain, T. M. (1994). Self-regulation of mood: strategies for changing a bad mood, raising energy, and reducing tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 910-925. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.67.5.910
Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3(4), 269-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319934
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 25-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166137
Wald, N., Tadmor-Zisman, Y., Shenaar-Golan, V., Yatzkar, U., Carthy, T. ve Apter, A. (2020). Child–mother reappraisal and child’s anxiety among anxious and non-clinical groups. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 1642-1648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01598-z
Wasti, S. A. ve Erdil, S. (2007) Bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk değerlerinin ölçülmesi: Benlik kurgusu ve INDCOL ölçeklerinin Türkçe geçerlemesi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1-2), 39-66. http://yad.baskent.edu.tr/files/2007_cilt_7_2.pdf (Son Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2021)
Webb, T. L., Miles, E. ve Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 775-808. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027600
Weiss, H. M. ve Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective Events Theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes and consequences of affective experiences at work. B. M. Staw ve L. L. Cummings (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, Vol. 18 içinde (s. 1-74). Elsevier Science/JAI Press.
Wilms, R., Lanwehr, R. ve Kastenmüller, A. (2020). Emotion regulation in everyday life: The role of goals and situational factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 877. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00877
Xu, X., Spinrad, T. L., Cookston, J. T. ve Matsumoto, D. (2020). The relations of parental emotion dysregulation and emotion socialization to young adults’ emotion dysregulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 725-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01619-x
Young, J. E. (1999). Practitioner's resource series. Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema- focused approach (3. baskı). Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.
Young, G. ve Suri, G. (2020). Emotion regulation choice: A broad examination of external factors. Cognition and Emotion, 34(2), 242-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2019.1611544
Zaki, J. ve Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13(5), 803-810. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033839
Zalewski, M., Lengua, L. J., Wilson, A. C., Trancik, A. ve Bazinet, A. (2011). Emotion regulation profiles, temperament, and adjustment problems in preadolescents. Child Development, 82(3), 951-966. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01575.x
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2022 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi