Anahtar Kelimeler
pedestrian behavior
risky behavior
traffic sign
traffic sign comprehension
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
The current study investigates the relationship between risky traffic behaviors and traffic sign comprehension (TSC). It is hypothesized that, as traffic sign comprehension increases, unsafe traffic behaviors decrease. The data were collected online through Qualtrics from 275 participants, 177 of whom were drivers. The questionnaire package included 25 open-ended traffic sign questions, Pedestrian Behavior Scale, Mini-Driver Behavior Questionnaire with 3 additional aggressive violation items, and a demographic information form. The results indicated that TSC was significantly related to reported driver errors and lapses after controlling for age and gender. In addition, pedestrian-related TSC was significantly related to reported pedestrian transgressions, lapses, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors after controlling for age, gender, driver's license, and driving experience. Generally, the results were consistent with the expectations: the better that road users (drivers and pedestrians) understand traffic signs, the fewer drivers and pedestrians reported unsafe behaviors (errors and lapses for drivers; transgressions, aggressive behaviors, and lapses for pedestrians), and the more pedestrians reported positive behaviors. This finding can be explained by the fact that as the need of people to understand traffic signs increases, they avoid behaviors that will lead to accidents in traffic. For this reason, it can be predicted that comprehensively introducing children to traffic signs from an early age will contribute positively to road safety.
Referanslar
Al-Madani, H. (2000). Influence of drivers’ comprehension of posted signs on their safety related characteristics. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 32(4), 575-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(99)00084-6.
Al-Madani H., & Al-Janahi A.R. (2002). Role of drivers’ personel characteristics in understanding traffic sign symbols. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 34, 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00012-4.
Amarasingha, N., & Dissanayake, S. (2014). Gender differences of young drivers on injury severity outcome of highway crashes. Journal of Safety Research, 49, 113-120. http:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2014.03.004.
Ben-Bassat T., & Shinar D. (2015). The effect of context and drivers’ age on highway traffic signs comprehension. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 33, 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.07.009.
Brosseau, M., Zangenehpour, S., Saunier, N., & Miranda-Moreno, L. (2013). The impact of waiting time and other factors on dangerous pedestrian crossings and violations at signalized intersections: A case study in Montreal. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, 159-172. http:/doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.09.010.
Chakrabarty, N., Gupta, K., & Bhatnagar, A. (2013). A survey on awareness of traffic safety among drivers in Delhi, India. The SIJ Transactions on Industrial, Financial & Business Management (IFBM), 1(2), 106-109.
Deb, S., Strawderman, L., DuBien, J., Smith, B., Carruth, D.W., & Garrison, T.M. (2017). Evaluating pedestrian behavior at crosswalks: Validation of a pedestrian behavior questionnaire for the US population. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 106, 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.05.020.
Demir, B. (2017). The social psychological predictors of pedestrian behaviors [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University
Dewar, R. (1988). Criteria for the design and evaluation of traffic sign symbols. Transportation Research Record, 1160(1), 1-6.
Erber, J. T., Prager, I. G., Williams, M., & Caiola, M. A. (1996). Age and forgetfulness: Confidence in ability and attribution for memory failures. Psychology and Aging, 11(2), 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.11.2.310.
Granié, M. A., Pannetier, M., & Gueho, L. (2013). Developing a self-reporting method to measure pedestrian behaviors at all ages. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, 830-839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.07.009.
Hou, G., & Yang, J. (2020). Measuring and examining traffic sign comprehension with event-related potentials. Cognition Technology & Work. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-020-00632-1.
Kirmizioglu E. & Tuydes-Yaman H. (2012). Comprehensibility of traffic signs among urban drivers in Turkey. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 135-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.014.
Laapotti, S., & Keskinen, E. (2004). Has the difference in accident patterns between male and female drivers changed between 1984 and 2000?. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(4), 577-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00064-2.
Lajunen, T., Parker, D., & Stradling, S. G. (1998). Dimensions of driver anger, aggressive and highway code violations and their mediation by safety orientation in UK drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 1(2), 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(98)00009-6.
Lajunen, T., Parker, D., & Summala, H. (2004). The Manchester driver behaviour questionnaire: a cross- cultural study. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(2), 231-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00152-5.
Lawton, R., Parker, D., Manstead, A. S. R., & Stradling, S. (1997). The role of affect in predicting social behaviours: the case of road traffic violations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1258–1276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01805.x.
Lewin, I. (1982). Driver training: a perceptual-motor skill approach. Ergonomics, 25(10), 917– 924. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138208925051.
Mako, E., & Szakonyi, P. (2016). Evaluation of human behaviour at pedestrian crossings. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 2121–2128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.227.
Martinussen, L. M., Hakamies-Blomqvist, L., Møller, M., Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2013). Age, gender, mileage and the DBQ: The validity of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire in different driver groups. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 52, 228-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.12.036.
Martinussen, L. M., Lajunen, T., Møller, M., & Özkan, T. (2013). Short and user-friendly: The development and validation of the Mini-DBQ. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, 1259-1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.09.030.
McIlroy, R.C., Plant, K.L., Jikyong, U., Nam, V.H., Bunyasi, B., Kokwaro, G.O., Wu, J., Hoque M. S., Preston, J. M., & Stanton, N. A (2019). Vulnerable road users in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: Validation of a Pedestrian Behaviour Questionnaire. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 131, 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.027.
Mohamed, D., & Lotfi, B. (2016). Dimensions of aberrant driving behaviours in Tunisia: identifying the relation between Driver Behaviour Questionnaire results and accident data. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 23(4), 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2015.1061559.
Murat, Y. Ş., & Çakıcı, Z. (2017). Trafik işaretlerinin bilinirliği üzerine bir araştırma: Denizli örneği. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.305485.
National General Directorate of Highways (KGM) (2020). Traffic Signs. https://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Trafik/TehlikeUyariIsaretleri.aspx.
Ng A.W.Y., & Chan A.H.S. (2007). The guessability of traffic signs: Effects of prospective-user factors and sign design features. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 39, 1245-1257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.03.018.
Ng A.W.Y., & Chan A.H.S. (2008). The effects of driver factors and sign design features on the comprehensibility of traffic Signs. Journal of Safety Research, 39,321-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.031.
Nordfjærn, T., & Şimşekoğlu, Ö. (2013). The role of cultural factors and attitudes for pedestrian behaviour in an urban Turkish sample. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.09.015.
Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2005). A new addition to DBQ: Positive driver behaviours scale. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 8(4-5), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.018.
Özkan, T., & Lajunen, T. (2011). Person and environment: Traffic culture. In B. Porter (Ed.), Handbook of Traffic Psychology (pp. 179-192). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381984-0.10014-1
Özkan, T., Lajunen, T., Chliaoutakis, J. E., Parker, D., & Summala, H. (2006). Cross-cultural differences in driving behaviours: A comparison of six countries. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(3), 227-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.002.
Qu, Y. K., & Liu, Y. C. (2012). Effects of sign design features and training on comprehension of traffic signs in Taiwanese and Vietnamese user groups. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 42(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2011.08.009.
Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J., & Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?. Ergonomics, 33(10-11), 1315-1332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139008925335.
Sümer, N., & Özkan, T. (2002). The role of driver behavior, skills, and personality traits in traffic accidents. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 17(50), 1-22.
Sümer, N., Lajunen, T., & Özkan, T. (2002, May 8-12). Sürücü davranışlarının kaza riskindeki rolü: İhlaller ve hatalar [Paper presentation]. Uluslararası Trafik ve Yol Güvenliği Kongresi. Gazi University, Turkey
Şehribanoğlu, S. (2019). Van ilinde yaşayanların trafik işaretleri bilgisi ve trafik kurallarına bakış açıları üzerine bir araştırma. Trafik ve Ulaşım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.38002/tuad.479023.
Turkish Statistical Institute (2020). Transportation Statistics, 2020. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Karayolu-Trafik-Kaza-Istatistikleri-2020-37436.
World Health Organization (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276462/9789241565684 -eng.pdf?ua=1.
Yıldırım, Z. (2007). Religiousness Conservatism and Their Relationship with Traffic Behavior [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. Middle East Technical University.
Zhang, T., & Chan, A. H. S. (2013). Traffic sign comprehension: A review of influential factors and future directions for research. In S. I. Ao, O. Castillo, C. Douglas, D. D. Feng, & J. Lee (Eds.), Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists (Vol. II, pp. 1026-1030). International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong, China
Zhuang, X., & Wu, C. (2011). Pedestrians’ crossing behaviors and safety at unmarked roadway in China. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43(6), 1927-1936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.05.005.
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
Telif Hakkı (c) 2021 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi