Anahtar Kelimeler
intihar kuramları
risk faktörleri
intihar davranışı
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
İntihar, dünyada genç ölümleri arasında ikinci sırada gelen ölüm nedenidir. Bu açıdan intihar davranışının gerisindeki faktörleri anlayabilmek için intihar davranışını açıklayan kuramların irdelenmesinin gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Yirmi birinci yüzyılın başına kadar intihar davranışı ve oluşumunu açıklamada birçok kuramcı farklı kuramlar öne sürmüşlerdir. Bu kuramlar psikolojik, sosyolojik ve biyolojik kuramlar olarak ele alınmıştır. Psikolojik kuramlardan Psikanalitik Kuram, Ruhsal Kuram, Umutsuzluk Kuramı ve Kaçış Kuramı gibi kuramlar geliştirilmiştir. Bu kuramlar birinci nesil kuramlardır. Diğer taraftan 2000’li yıllardan sonra intihar davranışını risk faktörleri ile ele alan çağdaş psikolojik kuramlar dikkati çekmiştir. Bu kuramlar, daha yakın zamanda ortaya konulduğu için ikinci nesil kuramlar olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu kuramların tek bir çatı altında incelenmesine ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülerek bu yazıda, Kişilerarası İntihar Kuramı, Üç Aşamalı İntihar Kuramı, Bütünleyici Güdüsel-İradesel Kuram ve Değişken Yatkınlık Kuramları aktarılmış, intihar davranışının gelişiminin altında yatan psikolojik mekanizmalara genel bir bakış ve eleştirel bir tartışma sunulmuştur. Sözü geçen bu kuramlar, intihar düşüncelerinin gelişimini destekleyen faktörlerin ve süreçlerin intihar davranışı ile ilişkili olanlardan farklı olduğunu göstermektir. Umutsuzluk ve intihar edebilirlik kuramların ortak noktasıdır. Ek olarak, bu kuramlar yaşamda görünen, zamanla değişen ve intihara hemen yakınlaştıran dinamik risk faktörlerine ve risk değerlendirmesine odaklanmıştır.
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