Öz
Televizyonun yaygın kullanımı, TV’ye maruz kalmanın izleyiciler üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda ileri sürülen en dikkat çekici yaklaşımlardan biri ise Gerbner’in (1969) geliştirdiği Ekme Kuramı’dır (Cultivation Theory). Genel olarak, TV izleme sıklığının, bireylerin gerçeklik algıları üzerindeki etkisine odaklanan kuram, TV programlarında yer alan mesajlara maruz kalma sıklığı arttıkça, bireylerin gerçek dünyaya ilişkin algılarının da sunulan mesajların içeriği yönünde şekillendiğini varsaymaktadır. Çocuk ve ergenlerde, toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpyargıları ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine dair inançların gelişimi de onlar tarafından yaygın olarak kullanılan TV’nin “ekme” işlevinden besleniyor olabilir. Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, TV izleme sıklığı ile çocuk ya da ergenlerde toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve cinsiyet temelli kalıpyargılar arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan, Ekme Kuramı bağlamında gerçekleştirilmiş çalışmaları sistematik olarak derlemektir. Bu amaçla, 1960 ile 2020 yılları arasında, ilgili bağlamda yürütülmüş olan toplam 23 çalışma incelenmiş ve hem çocukların hem de ergenlerin TV izleme sıklığının artmasıyla birlikte, cinsiyet rollerine yönelik daha geleneksel inanç ve tutumlara sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili yazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
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