Anahtar Kelimeler
sahte itirafların psikolojisi
sorgu teknikleri
psikolojik incinebilirlik
adli yanlışlar
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Öz
Bu derlemede, insanların işlemedikleri suçları çeşitli nedenlerle kabul etmesine karşılık gelen sahte itiraf olgusu incelenmektedir. Sahte itirafların kesin oranı tam olarak bilinmemekte ve hem sanılandan hem de kanıtlanmış sahte itiraf vakalarının gösterdiğinden daha yaygın oldukları tahmin edilmektedir. Güncel veriler sahte itirafların, sonradan beraat kararı verilen haksız mahkumiyetlerle sonuçlanmış davaların yaklaşık dörtte birinde rol oynadığını ve dolayısıyla haksız mahkumiyetlerin önemli nedenleri arasında yer aldığını göstermektedir. Çalışmada, sahte itiraf alanyazını problemin psikolojik boyutunu merkeze alan bir yaklaşımla ve çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. İlk olarak, sahte itirafların kuramsal çerçevesine ilişkin bilgi ve tartışmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. İkinci olarak, bu olgunun varlığını ve yaygınlığını ortaya koyan veriler gözden geçirilmiş ve tartışılmıştır. Üçüncü olarak, insanları sahte itirafta bulunmaya sevk eden bazı kişiler arası farklılıklar ve kişilik özellikleri (yaş, telkine açıklık, boyun eğici kişilik, masumiyetine güvenme ve bilişsel yetersizlik/zeka geriliği) ile çeşitli çevresel risk etmenleri (soruşturma pratikleri, sorgu ortamı, sorgucu yanlılıkları) gerçek sahte itiraf vakaları, saha çalışmaları ve kontrollü laboratuvar deneylerinden elde edilen bulgular temelinde ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, sahte itirafları önleme ve/veya azaltmaya yönelik tedbirler, politika önerileri ve reform çağrıları gözden geçirilmiştir.
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Telif Hakkı (c) 2017 Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi