A Review Article: Effective Parenting Within Parental Goals and Domain-Specific Socialization Framework

Abstract

Parenting practices have different effects on children. It is not easy to decide which practices are associated with positive outcomes and which of them with negative ones. The aim of this review was to handle effective parenting within the frame of the parental goals and domain-specific socialization approach. According to the domain-specific socialization approach, parent-child interactions occur in different domains in accordance with parenting goals and children’s needs. Each domain corresponds to a different need of the child (protection, kontrol, play, guidance, group participation), and the parenting practices meeting these needs are stated in this approach as well. The emergence of an effective parenting depends on the match between parents' goals and children’s needs. Further, children are not passive receivers. Same parenting practices may lead to different outcomes for different children. Therefore, while choosing parental practices, parents should take their children’ gender, temperament, and age into account. Finally, the more parents know their children and the more knowledge they have about them, the more their practices would meet their children’ needs.