Psychological resilience is the ability of an individual to cope with difficulties, recover from adverse situations and maintain a general state of well-being. The increasing lifespan of people with the development of technology and health systems has made psychological resilience an important research topic in old age. Current psychological resilience scales used in elderly samples show strong psychometric properties. Although the findings are inconsistent, research shows that psychological resilience is related to demographic factors such as gender, age, marital status, ethnicity, socio-economic status and education level. Within the framework of psychological factors, creativity, emotional stability, conscientiousness, hopefulness, access to social support and adaptive coping methods increase psychological resilience in old age. Social factors emphasize the importance of relationship quality in both childhood and adulthood. Finally, there is a reciprocal relationship between biology and psychological resilience in old age. Because of its positive effects on the biology and psychology of the elderly, physical exercise can be used an important intervention method. The interaction of all these factors shapes the quality of life and psychological resilience levels of elderly individuals. It is recommended that future studies represent different cultures, focus on intercultural differences, and focus on experimental and longitudinal studies rather than cross-sectional methods.